Is There Treatment For HMPV? Doctor Discusses Management

An outbreak of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in China has raised concerns about the spread of respiratory illnesses, prompting calls for increased surveillance. Experts emphasize the critical importance of early detection and preventive measures in managing the virus.

The Situation in India

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has reported the detection of two cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Karnataka. These cases were identified through routine surveillance for multiple respiratory viral pathogens, according to a statement from the Union Health Ministry on Monday. The discovery comes as concerns over the virus grow globally.

A three-month-old female infant with a history of bronchopneumonia was diagnosed with HMPV after being admitted to Baptist Hospital in Bengaluru. Fortunately, she has already been discharged. Meanwhile, an eight-month-old male infant, also with a history of bronchopneumonia, tested positive for HMPV on January 3 and is currently recovering at the hospital.

Monitoring the Situation

The National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), under the Union Health Ministry, is closely monitoring cases of respiratory infections and seasonal influenza in India. They are in constant communication with international health agencies to stay updated on the global situation. “We will continue to monitor the situation closely, validate information, and provide updates as necessary,” sources from the ministry stated, according to ANI.

The cases in India follow reports of an HMPV outbreak in China, where recent data from December 16-22 indicated a rise in acute respiratory infections, including influenza, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and HMPV. However, health authorities noted that the overall scale of respiratory infectious diseases in China this year is lower than in 2024, with a seasonal increase in respiratory pathogens expected in the northern hemisphere during winter.

The Global Status of HMPV

Dr. Arjun Dang, CEO of Dr. Dang’s Lab, highlighted the global significance of the HMPV outbreak in China, stressing the need for heightened surveillance and early detection to prevent further spread. “The resurgence of HMPV underscores the ongoing challenges posed by respiratory viruses, particularly in high-density populations. HMPV, while often underrecognized, has contributed significantly to seasonal respiratory illnesses, especially in vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems,” Dr. Dang explained.

He added that HMPV symptoms are similar to those of other respiratory viruses, including fever, cough, nasal congestion, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Severe cases can lead to bronchiolitis or pneumonia, particularly among high-risk individuals. Dr. Dang emphasized that without prompt intervention, HMPV outbreaks could place substantial strain on healthcare systems.

Testing and Treatment

Dr. Dang explained that Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing is currently the gold standard for diagnosing HMPV. However, there is no specific antiviral treatment for the virus. As a result, management is primarily supportive, focusing on hydration, fever control, and oxygen therapy for severe cases.

“Unfortunately, there is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV,” Dr. Dang noted. “Prevention is the key to controlling its spread. Simple, effective measures such as frequent handwashing, respiratory etiquette (covering coughs and sneezes), and avoiding close contact with sick individuals can significantly reduce the risk of transmission.”

Dr. Dang further emphasized the role of public health campaigns in raising awareness about preventive measures. “Government authorities must ensure robust public awareness campaigns to encourage these preventive strategies. A proactive approach is vital to curb the spread of HMPV and protect vulnerable populations.”

Conclusion

As HMPV continues to spread globally, the focus remains on early detection, effective testing, and preventive measures. With no specific antiviral treatment available, the best defense against the virus lies in robust public health strategies, increased surveillance, and personal hygiene practices. Health authorities worldwide are urged to stay vigilant in their efforts to manage and mitigate the impact of HMPV outbreaks.