Experts Highlight Link Between Air Pollution And Rising Pneumonia Cases In Delhi

The sharp rise in pneumonia cases in Delhi and surrounding regions is being attributed to the severe air pollution sweeping the area, with experts warning that even young, otherwise healthy individuals are increasingly vulnerable to respiratory infections.

Pneumonia, an infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs, often leads to symptoms such as coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing. In recent weeks, hospital admissions for pneumonia have surged, with many cases linked to dangerously high levels of air pollution.

Dr. Vikas Mittal, a pulmonologist at CK Birla Hospital in Delhi, noted an “unusual rise in emergency admissions,” particularly among younger patients, many of whom are presenting with respiratory issues including pneumonia. “This is not something we typically see at this time of year,” he said.

Experts have observed an increase in cases of “walking pneumonia,” a mild form of the illness where X-rays show fluid in the lungs, but the patient is not severely ill. However, more concerning are the “silent” pneumonia cases, where patients, though not initially exhibiting severe symptoms, require intensive care for acute chest infections. Dr. Mittal explained, “Many individuals are presenting with upper respiratory symptoms—itchy eyes, throat, and nose—without a fever, which often goes unnoticed until it escalates.”

While pollution is not definitively identified as the sole cause of the spike, experts agree that the poor air quality exacerbates respiratory conditions. A 2022 study published in BMC Respiratory Health established a link between high concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone, with increased hospital admissions for pneumonia, particularly in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The current pollution crisis, driven by both seasonal factors and ongoing industrial emissions, is believed to be contributing significantly to the rise in pneumonia cases. Dr. Kavitha Vijayakumar, Associate Vice President of Lab Operations at Metropolis Healthcare, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana, pointed out that even healthy individuals can suffer from the effects of air pollution, which may lead to respiratory infections. “People should also be aware of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, an allergic reaction causing inflamed lungs, which can result in irreversible lung damage,” she warned.

As a preventive measure, health experts recommend several steps to mitigate the impact of pollution on respiratory health. These include the use of air purifiers indoors, avoiding exposure to allergens, and wearing N95 or N99 masks when outdoors. Dr. Vijayakumar also advises staying hydrated, consuming nutritious meals, and ensuring adequate rest.

With air quality in Delhi and surrounding regions remaining at hazardous levels, the public is urged to take precautions and seek medical attention at the first signs of respiratory distress.