Gynaecological disorders such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) could be linked to an increased risk of heart disease and cerebrovascular conditions, according to a new study. Researchers found that individuals with these conditions may face a heightened risk of developing cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases.
The study, published in the Heart journal, analyzed data from 28 studies involving over 3 million participants. It focused on conditions including endometriosis, PCOS, dysmenorrhea (painful menstrual periods), and irregular menstrual cycles.
“We looked into the potential link between these gynaecological disorders and heart disease because cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally. Understanding whether these conditions increase the risk is crucial for preventive healthcare,” said Mathew Leonardi, an assistant professor at McMaster University in Canada and one of the study’s authors.
The study found that individuals with at least one of the studied gynaecological conditions had a 28% higher likelihood of experiencing cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. This risk was particularly pronounced among those with endometriosis or PCOS.
The study also highlighted that the increased risk seemed to emerge early in life for some individuals, suggesting that early intervention or monitoring could play a critical role in long-term health outcomes.
Although the meta-analysis did not find an increased risk of mortality among those with gynaecological disorders, experts are urging further research. Dr. Rachel Bond, a cardiologist with Dignity Health Medical Group, emphasized that the findings contribute to the growing body of evidence suggesting that non-malignant gynaecological diseases could have broader, systemic health effects.
“These conditions may not be limited to reproductive health but could also impact cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems,” Dr. Bond said.
The mechanisms underlying the connection between gynaecological disorders and heart disease are still being explored. Chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic issues like insulin resistance may contribute to the observed link, researchers explained.
“This interplay between various factors underscores the complexity of linking gynaecological and cardiovascular health,” Leonardi noted.
Cardiovascular Disease: A Leading Cause of Death
Cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and stroke, are the leading cause of death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In the European Union, these diseases account for 43% of deaths among women and 36% among men.
Leonardi advises that individuals with gynaecological disorders should remain vigilant about their cardiovascular health. “It’s important not to panic but to stay proactive,” he said. “Patients should discuss potential cardiovascular risks with their healthcare providers, particularly if they are undergoing long-term hormonal treatments or have had surgical interventions.”
In addition, adopting heart-healthy habits such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management is crucial for overall well-being.
A Call for Integrated Healthcare
Experts are calling for a more integrated approach to healthcare for women with non-malignant gynaecological disorders. Dr. Bond recommends incorporating cardiovascular risk assessments and prevention strategies into routine gynaecological care.
The researchers cautioned that the studies included in the meta-analysis varied in quality, and further research is needed to better understand the timing and specific pathways linking these conditions to heart disease. Larger, more robust studies are in the works to explore this important connection.
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